Motor Control Basics: DC Motors / Servos / Stepper Motors Covered

⚙️ Motor Control Basics — The Robot's Muscle System

🔋 Three Motors Compared

Type	Control	Accuracy	Use
DC motor	PWM speed + H-bridge direction	Low	Wheels / fans / belts
Servo	PWM pulse width position	High ±1°	Gimbal / arm
Stepper	Step pulses	Very high, no drift	3D printer / CNC

⚙️ DC Motor

• H-bridge (L298N / TB6612) controls forward/reverse
• PWM duty 0%~100% for speed

🎯 Servo

• Standard 0°~180°, 20ms PWM period
• 0.5ms→0° / 1.5ms→90° / 2.5ms→180°

🔄 Stepper

• 28BYJ-48 most common starter, 5V, 4-phase 8-step
• Precise per-step angle, ideal for 3D printers / CNC